Thank you Archna for a very serious topic.

Historian and social critic Christopher Lasch (1932—1994) described this topic in his book, "The Culture of Narcissism", published in 1979.

He defines a narcissistic culture as one in which every activity and relationship is defined by the hedonistic need to acquire the symbols of material wealth, this becoming the only expression of rigid, yet covert, social hierarchies. It is a culture where liberalism only exists insofar as it serves a consumer society, and even art, sex and religion lose their liberating power.

In such a society of constant competition there can be no allies, and little transparency. The threats to acquisitions of social symbols are so numerous, varied and frequently incomprehensible, that defensiveness, as well as competitiveness, becomes a way of life. Any real sense of community is undermined -- or even destroyed -- to be replaced by virtual equivalents that strive, unsuccessfully, to synthesise a sense of community.

Contrary to Lasch, Bernard Stiegler argues in his book, Aimer, s’aimer, nous aimer: (2003), that consumer capitalism is in fact destructive of what he calls primordial narcissism, without which it is not possible to extend love to others.

From a Psychological perspective narcissism can be explained as follows;



has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements)

is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love

has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations

is interpersonally exploitative, i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends

lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others

is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her

shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

I believe we in HR should take this platform more to focus more on Values and the need to loosen up our ego boundaries together with the preoccupation of self to the exclusion of all others which is a real malady we see all over. Many companies that collapsed , such as Enron, went down because of these tendencies which destroys the very fabric of our socirty.

To the extent we in HR dabble in routine matters but do not focus on the holistic model of human development, we leave room for such " me" " m ine " attitudes to continue unabated and become a canker that takes us on a very dangerous path.

In such a context where is room for putting into effect EQ and SQ dimensions ?

Cheers

Prof.Lakshman

From Sri Lanka, Kolonnawa
Hello Prof. Lakshman,
Thanks a lot for sharing the definition and meaning of Narcissist.
I was thinking of posting the points that you have already done.
I agree with you that this me and mine attitude creates a lot of problem and then we think of providing trainings and development programs for all these people, which I doubt in terms of the success.
This kind of culture, creates a negative energy in the organisation.
I would like to ask,how can we as HR people can stop Narcissist culture to develop in the organisation.
Do we have some measures??
Cheers
Archna

From India, Delhi
Dear Archna,

Since this is a very complex subject I believe we need to grasp the tendencies as well as the % distribution in population who have such tendencies as well.

Helping to develop healthy self esteem, skills of empathy , appreciating views of others, proper team and inter personal dynamics are all relevant in such cases.

Let me give below some more important material to read.

Workplace Narcissism

Workplace narcissists seethe with anger and resentment. The gap between reality and their grandiose flights of fancy (the "grandiosity gap") is so great that they develop persecutory delusions, resentment and rage. They are also extremely and pathologically envious, seeking to destroy what they perceive to be the sources of their constant frustration: a popular co-worker, a successful boss, a qualified or skilled employee. Narcissists at work crave constant attention and will go to great lengths to secure it - including by "engineering" situations that place them at the center. They are immature, constantly nagging and complaining, finding fault with everyone and everything, Cassandras who constantly predict impending doom.

They are intrusive and invasive. They firmly believe in their own omnipotence and omniscience. They feel entitled to special treatment and are convinced that they are above Man-made laws, including the rules of their place of employment. They are very disruptive, poor team members, can rarely collaborate with others without being cantankerous and quarrelsome. They are control freaks and feel the compulsive and irresistible urge to interfere in everything to micromanage and overrule others. All in all, a highly unpleasant experience.

What kind of individual, personality-wise, is best suited to work with a narcissist co-worker or boss?

Certain pathological personalities - for instance, someone with a Dependent Personality Disorder - or an Inverted Narcissist may get along just fine. A submissive person whose expectations are limited, moods are subdued and willingness to absorb abuse is extended would survive with a narcissist, or even thrive in such an environment. But the vast majority of workers are likely to suffer ill-health effects, clash with the narcissist, or end up being sacked, reassigned, relocated, or demoted. The narcissistic bully very often gets his way: He gets promoted, the ideas he "adopted" become corporate policy, his misdeeds are overlooked, his misbehavior tolerated. This is partly because, narcissists are excellent liars with considerable thespian skills - and partly because no one wants to mess around with a thug, even if his thuggery is limited to words and gestures.

How common is narcissism within the population?

According to orthodoxy, between 0.7%-1% of the adult population suffer from the Narcissistic Personality Disorder. This figure is an underestimate. Pathological narcissism is under-reported because, by definition, few narcissists admit that anything is wrong with them and that they may be the source of the constant problem in their life and the lives of their nearest or dearest. Narcissists resort to therapy only in the wake of a harrowing life crisis. They have alloplastic defenses - they tend to blame the world, their boss, society, God, their spouse for their misfortune and failures. Last, but not least, psychotherapists regard narcissists as "difficult" patients with a "severe" personality disorder - or, put plainly, lots of work with little reward. Narcissists, Paranoiacs and Psychotherapists Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) At a Glance.

Is there any way to get along with these type of people at work?



1. Never disagree with the narcissist or contradict him.

2. Never offer him any intimacy. You are not his equal and an offer of intimacy insultingly implies that you are.

3. Look awed by whatever attribute matters to him (for instance: by his professional achievements or by his good looks, or by his success with women and so on).

4. Never remind him of life outside his bubble and if you do, connect it somehow to his sense of grandiosity.Do not make any comment, which might directly or indirectly impinge on his self-image, omnipotence, judgement, omniscience, skills, capabilities, professional record, or even omnipresence.

5. Bad sentences start with: "I think you overlooked & made a mistake here & you don't know & do you know & you were not here yesterday so & you cannot & you should, etc. These are perceived as rude imposition. Narcissists react very badly to restrictions placed on their freedom.



Narcissistic Leaders


The narcissistic leader fosters and encourages a personality cult with all the hallmarks of an institutional religion: priesthood, rites, rituals, temples, worship, catechism, mythology. The leader is this religion's ascetic saint. He monastically denies himself earthly pleasures (or so he claims) in order to be able to dedicate himself fully to his calling.

The narcissistic leader is a monstrously inverted Jesus, sacrificing his life and denying himself so that his people - or humanity at large - should benefit. By surpassing and suppressing his humanity, the narcissistic leader became a distorted version of Nietzsche's "superman".

But being a-human or super-human also means being a-sexual and a-moral.

In this restricted sense, narcissistic leaders are post-modernist and moral relativists. They project to the masses an androgynous figure and enhance it by engendering the adoration of nudity and all things "natural" - or by strongly repressing these feelings. But what they refer to as "nature" is not natural at all.

The narcissistic leader invariably proffers an aesthetic of decadence and evil carefully orchestrated and artificial - though it is not perceived this way by him or by his followers. Narcissistic leadership is about reproduced copies, not about originals. It is about the manipulation of symbols - not about veritable atavism or true conservatism.

In short: narcissistic leadership is about theatre, not about life. To enjoy the spectacle (and be subsumed by it), the leader demands the suspension of judgment, depersonalization, and de-realization. Catharsis is tantamount, in this narcissistic dramaturgy, to self-annulment.

Narcissism is nihilistic not only operationally, or ideologically. Its very language and narratives are nihilistic. Narcissism is conspicuous nihilism - and the cult's leader serves as a role model, annihilating the Man, only to re-appear as a pre-ordained and irresistible force of nature.

Narcissistic leadership often poses as a rebellion against the "old ways" - against the hegemonic culture, the upper classes, the established religions, the superpowers, the corrupt order. Narcissistic movements are puerile, a reaction to narcissistic injuries inflicted upon a narcissistic (and rather psychopathic) toddler nation-state, or group, or upon the leader.

Minorities or "others" - often arbitrarily selected - constitute a perfect, easily identifiable, embodiment of all that is "wrong". They are accused of being old, they are eerily disembodied, they are cosmopolitan, they are part of the establishment, they are "decadent", they are hated on religious and socio-economic grounds, or because of their race, sexual orientation, origin ... They are different, they are narcissistic (feel and act as morally superior), they are everywhere, they are defenceless, they are credulous, they are adaptable (and thus can be co-opted to collaborate in their own destruction). They are the perfect hate figure. Narcissists thrive on hatred and pathological envy.

This is precisely the source of the fascination with Hitler, diagnosed by Erich Fromm - together with Stalin - as a malignant narcissist. He was an inverted human. His unconscious was his conscious. He acted out our most repressed drives, fantasies, and wishes. He provides us with a glimpse of the horrors that lie beneath the veneer, the barbarians at our personal gates, and what it was like before we invented civilization. Hitler forced us all through a time warp and many did not emerge. He was not the devil. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally disturbed and failing nation, who lived through disturbed and failing times. He was the perfect mirror, a channel, a voice, and the very depth of our souls.

Narcissistic patients try to sustain an image of perfection and personal invincibility for themselves and attempt to project that impression to others as well. Physical illness may shatter this illusion, and a patient may lose the feeling of safety inherent in a cohesive sense of self. This loss precipitates a panicky sensation that "my world is falling to pieces," and the patient feels a sense of personal fragmentation.

The book listed here by Dr.Sam Vakinin is also very helpful in understan ding and building a full strategy.

Cheers

Prof.Lakshman

From Sri Lanka, Kolonnawa
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Hi Archna Its good issue that u have come up with and I do endorse your view that we need people with some spunk(I mean good head with good abilities)to head or lead the organization. Regards, Dino.
From Poland, Lodz
Hello Prof.,

I don't know how many thank yous I will be saying to you.

I was actually about to post some more details on Narcissism, from the book by Sam Vaknin.

I have chosen this topic for my thesis in PhD, but many people say it is a difficult topic to research on.

Actually Narcissism is also a personality disorder, which is known as NPD.

In one of the organisation I worked with, My boss was clearly a case of NPD, he was the one who made me interested in this topic. Working with him was the biggest nightmare I experienced, everyday he will challenge your self respect and you could not do anything for first few month, then I started reading about NPD and finally his wife confirmed me the same(who was a psychologist herself).

I had to through a rough phase because of his behaviour, but I came out of it in a very short period with the help of this book.

I would really appreciate if all of you contribute your fedback on the same.

If any person suffering from NPD is amongst your nears and dears, you need to be careful.

Cheers

Archna

From India, Delhi
Hi Archana and others,
Regarding the culture becoming "Narcissists"may be we need to look at the aspect of "uncertainity in workplace".
With organisations becoming "Target/Performance Focused",downsizing etc.
Is it inevitable that individual start looking inward. (At the mirror in the pool!!!) ????
Are we ignoring the role of the organisations/management culture in this???
Not many years ago...traditional companies did not only assure life time employment,build colonies/townships but in also offerred employment to the next generation.
We are today consciously(and definitley with reason of merit...productivity...performance...) moving away from it.
Thus also a similar movement from the "individual".
Regards,
Sanjib.

From India, Delhi
Hi All
It has been really appealing to watch the discussion unfold. My comments on this…
Essentially it’s all about quest for survival, as humans our decisions are constantly influenced by the environment we live and work in. We build socials norms around us and expect that all members stay within them while doing their activities. The peer group generally not accepts people who breach the rules. We call such acts of “disobedience” by various names one of them can be Narcissists!
However let me clarify myself by saying that I do not endorse to the idea of being Narcissists however it is important that we look into the historical background of the person before passing on any judgments, what made him behave like the way he does is what is important.
I am personally always believed that history is the mirror to the future.
Your inputs pls..;-)

From India, New Delhi
Are We ??? I dont think so.. Narcissist are in miniscule percentage, but, yes they do exist. Being excessively selfish, they will perish in their own style. Till then, no doubt, they are a pain to themselves and others and remain as an island, unapproachable. No one will volunteer to evolve as a N.... Existing ones are evolutionary mutants...
Corporate being 'selfish' to win the race is acceptable.
Rgds. Venkat

From India, Mumbai
Hi Joydeep,
Thanks for your contribution.
The word Narcissist and its history is already posted by Jeroo Ma'm and Prof. Lakshman on this thread.
The context in which we are using the word is although related to the history but does not convey the same meaning.
After working with a person for one year who is a NArcissist and even suffering from NPD, makes you understand the true meaning of it. We all are narcissist in some way or the other, we think about ourselves and love ourselves, but high degree of self obsession and then Grandiose personality is what defines a typical narcissist.
Corporate culture is becoming like that only, politics, playing games, doing anything for the bosses and etc etc for success, is basically an absolute different culture.
This is our concern an HR concern to change that culture.
What Say??? :)
Archna

From India, Delhi
Hi Archana..many thanks for the response...
Let me cite an incident where a old person came running to Lord Bhudda and started crying. Lord asked why are you crying.. he said the world is becoming dark day by day..people are killing each other, they have become selfish. everyting is getting distroyed.
Budda smiled and answered, Sir, Distruction is the first step toward creation, so dont worry about it. God has given us brain to distroy but it has also given us the heart to create. You will never distroy what you like. So spread likeness, give people what they like and they will protect it.
Cheers
Joydeep

From India, New Delhi
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